An Experimental Investigation on the Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled by Diesel-Palm Biodiesel–Ethanol/Propanol Based Ternary Blends

Issues such as rising fuel prices, costs, and lowering reserves highlight the importance of research into sustainable fuels derived from biological sources. This study is focused on experiments a CI engine using ethanol propanol-based ternary blends. Palm biodiesel kept constant at 40% volumetric concentration, while diesel ethanol/propanol are varied in different batches. The results obtained with blends were compared reference diesel, pure palm biodiesel, biodiesel–diesel binary blend. exhibit lower brake thermal efficiency higher specific energy consumption than due to their calorific value. Despite in-fuel oxygen presence, oxides nitrogen smoke opacity observed for operation blend predominant role latent heat vaporization volatility alcohols, but unburned hydrocarbon carbon monoxide emissions increased interactive effect cetane number, vaporization, kinematic viscosity alcohols when fuels. Among tested fuels, in-cylinder pressure was decrease value, raised release rate attributed faster burning alcohols.